The Nordic diets are rich in dairy products, from which we currently obtain a significant amount of many nutrients essential for physical performance and health. On the other hand, dairy products contribute greatly to the intake of saturated fatty acids in the diet, often associated with negative health effects.  Dairy products also account for a big share of diet’s environmental impacts, which in turn accounts for about 20-30 % of the climate impact of consumption in Finland. However, different dairy products differ in their nutritional and environmental impacts, and dairy products appear in many ways contradictory from a dietary sustainability perspective. Milk substitute products have come onto the market and can reduce the environmental impact of the diet. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method for considering the environmental impacts of a product. In nutritional LCA (nLCA), the nutritional aspects of foods are considered in more depth than usual. This presentation presents recent developments in nLCA related to milk and its plant-based substitutes.